The genitive
1. Use
1.1. Used to indicate possession (my, your, his)
| Finnish |
English |
| Se on tuon miehen lompakko. |
It's that man's wallet. |
| Erja on Saulin serkku. |
Erja is Sauli's cousin. |
| Se on minun kirja. |
It's my book. |
| Finnish |
English |
| television päällä |
on top of the television |
| kirkon vieressä |
next to the church |
| pankin lähellä |
near the bank |
| veden alla |
under water |
| Finnish |
English |
| Minun täytyy mennä työhön. |
I have to go to work. |
| Hänen täytyy maksaa lasku. |
He has to pay the bill. |
| Matin täytyy syödä enemmän. |
Matti has to eat more. |
1.4. Used when stressing adjectives or explaining adjectives further
| Finnish |
English |
| Se on hirveän suuri. |
It's incredibly big. |
| Takki on tummansininen. |
The coat is darkblue. |
| Hän on salamannopea. |
He is fast as lightening. |
2. Formation
2.1 Words ending in a single vowel (-a/-ä, -u/-y, -o/-ö): add -n
| Nominative |
Genitive |
Nominative |
Genitive |
Nominative |
Genitive |
| kala |
kalan |
homma |
homman |
kynä |
kynän |
| taloy |
talon |
harja |
harjan |
päärynä |
päärynän |
| seinä |
seinän |
loma |
loman |
söpö |
söpön |
2.2 Be aware of the possibility of consonant gradation, because the genitive is weak for wordtype A words and strong for wordtype B words..
|
Wordtype A words |
| Nominative |
Genitive |
Nominative |
Genitive |
Nominative |
Genitive |
| kukka |
kukan |
sänky |
sängyn |
helppo |
helpon |
| kaupunki |
kaupungin |
pankki |
pankin |
lehti |
lehden |
| Matti |
Matin |
jälki |
jäljen |
puku |
puvun |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wordtype B words |
| Nominative |
Genitive |
Nominative |
Genitive |
Nominative |
Genitive |
| keitin |
keittimen |
tavoite |
tavoitteen |
liike |
liikkeen |
| opas |
oppaan |
koe |
kokeen |
hammas |
hampaan |
| hylje |
hylkeen |
allas |
altaan |
murre |
murteen |
2.3. Words ending in -e: add a second -e- +n
| Nominative |
Genitive |
Nominative |
Genitive |
Nominative |
Genitive |
| huone |
huoneen |
perhe |
perheen |
kappale |
kappaleen |
| kirje |
kirjeen |
lentokone |
lentokoneen |
taide |
taiteen |
| parveke |
parvekkeen |
koe |
kokeen |
aste |
asteen |
Words ending in an -e are part of the wordtype B group. Learn more about their kind of consonant gradation here.
2.4. Words ending in -nen: remove the -nen and add -sen
| Nominative |
Genitive |
Nominative |
Genitive |
Nominative |
Genitive |
| nainen |
naisen |
hevonen |
hevosen |
suomalainen |
suomalaisen |
| eteinen |
eteisen |
iloinen |
iloisen |
ihminen |
ihmisen |
| sininen |
sinisen |
toinen |
toisen |
tavallinen |
tavallisen |
2.5. Words ending in -i
2.5.1. New words ending in -i: add -n
| Nominative |
Genitive |
Nominative |
Genitive |
Nominative |
Genitive |
| banaani |
banaanin |
paperi |
paperin |
kahvi |
kahvin |
| pankki |
pankin |
posti |
postin |
maali |
maalin |
| tili |
tilin |
adverbi |
adverbin |
dollari |
dollarin |
New words are words that haven't been around for ages yet. Usually they're recognisable because they're a loanword, like "pankki" for "bank", or "paperi" for "paper".
2.5.2. Old words ending in -i: remove -i- and add-en
| Nominative |
Genitive |
Nominative |
Genitive |
Nominative |
Genitive |
| suomi |
suomen |
ovi |
oven |
järvi |
järven |
| kivi |
kiven |
lahti |
lahden |
nimi |
nimen |
| sormi |
sormen |
lehti |
lehden |
pilvi |
pilven |
Old words are very often nature words. After all, nature has been around for so long that Finns have had names for them since the very beginning. Some words are confusing, for example "äiti" (mother) is actually a new Finnish word!
2.5.3. Words ending in -si: remove -si- and add -den
| Nominative |
Genitive |
Nominative |
Genitive |
Nominative |
Genitive |
| uusi |
uuden |
vuosi |
vuoden |
käsi |
käden |
| kuukausi |
kuukauden |
vesi |
veden |
reisi |
reiden |
| köysi |
köyden |
mesi |
meden |
jousi |
jouden |
2.6. Words ending in a consonant
Look at the separate page for the genitive of words ending in a consonant
2.7. Pronouns
| Nominative |
Genitive |
Nominative |
Genitive |
Nominative |
Genitive |
| minä |
minun |
sinä |
sinun |
hän |
hänen |
| me |
meidän |
te |
teidän |
he |
heidän |
| se |
sen |
jokin |
jonkin |
tämä |
tämän |
| ne |
niiden |
tuo |
noiden |
nämä |
näiden |
3. Notes
3.1. Possessive suffixes
When you want to add a possessive suffix to a word in the genitive, the genitive ending will disappear.
The word also will become strong when there's the matter of consonant gradation. Therefore, a word in the genitive with a possessive suffix will look
exactly the same as a word in the nominative with a possessive suffix.
| Nominative |
Possessive nominative |
Genitive |
Posessive genitive |
| pankki |
pankkini |
pankin |
pankkini |
| hevonen |
hevoseni |
hevosen |
hevoseni |
| kirkko |
kirkkoni |
kirkon |
kirkkoni |
| konsertti |
konserttini |
konsertin |
konserttini |
3.2. Double names
When you put a word in the genitive, any adjectives connected to the word will become genitive as well. With
first names or titles, things go a little differently: those do NOT get the genitive ending.
| Nominative |
Genitive |
Nominative |
Genitive |
| Markku Salonen |
Markku Salosen |
Sara Johnson |
Sara Johnsonin |
| Ilpo Koivula |
Ilpo Koivulan |
johtaja Nieminen |
johtaja Niemisen |
| herra Lehtinen |
herra Lehtisen |
hotelli Sunset |
hotelli Sunsetin |
| rouva Kalliomäki |
rouva Kalliomäen |
baari Linkosuo |
baari Linkosuon |